The Chimney Sweeper By William Blake - 1487 Words

The end of the eighteenth century was a dangerous time to be a child living in England; common folk everywhere were struggling to get by. Parents could not afford to feed and care for their children, so mothers and fathers had no choice but to sell their sons and daughters. Unfortunately, the career that children were forced into was chimney sweeping, which had a terrifyingly high mortality rate. The poem, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†, written by William Blake, tells the heartbreaking story of a child who is sold into chimney sweeping at a young age and leads a devastating life. After reading Blake’s poem about the sweepers, one may begin to wonder how it was possible for children to be treated so poorly, and how the king of that time could allow conditions for his people to get so bad. Thomas Paine shared his opinion on the caste system in his work Rights of Man. Paine explains that there are plenty of people that have lived undesirable lives for the king who are not ack nowledged in politics, like the common folk who have been let down by the flawed caste system, including the chimney sweepers and other laborers. Because of the immense inequality taking place during this time, simply through birthrights, it becomes an important topic to focus in on. The works of Blake and Paine together give the audiences a new point of view on England’s political system at the end of the eighteenth century. These works protest the push away from the establishment and a push towards representingShow MoreRelatedThe Chimney Sweeper By William Blake1306 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Blake published â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† in 1789 in the first phase of his collection of poems entitled â€Å"Songs of Innocence†. A later poem under the same name was published five years later in his follow up collection, â€Å"Songs of Experience†. The chimney sweeper’s tale begins in Songs of Innocence with the introduction of a young boy who was s old by his father after the death of his mother; the poem then shifts in the next stanza to describe the speaker’s friend Tom Dacre, another chimney sweeperRead MoreThe Chimney Sweepers By William Blake862 Words   |  4 Pages The Chimney Sweepers William Blake has written two poems with the same title of Chimney Sweeper, however each poem was written to portray a different perspective of similar situations. The poem Chimney Sweep (Songs of Experience) is written in a bleaker scope compared to Chimney Sweep (Songs of Innocence) which happens to be much more optimistic.Willaim Blake had written these stories as foils of one another and which has helped readers compare and contrast the messages that the poems are tryingRead MoreThe Chimney Sweeper by William Blake1202 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake, author of Songs of Experience, wrote various poems, which are accompanied by their contradicting Songs of Innocence poems. Through the contradiction of both poems, Blake emphasizes the need for both innocence and experience in order to live a good life. In â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†, Blake shows the life of a young orphan boy. In the songs of innocence poem, the boy is naive and is unaware of the injustice around him; how ever, the songs of experience poem contradict that life style andRead MoreChimney Sweeper William Blake2301 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Blake proved himself as one of the most influential artists to spring from the Romantic Era without a doubt. What made Blake so popular may have been his ability to portray his time period in works of art that were beautifully crafted. Blake’s poetry was not appreciated during his lifetime because people were living the lives his works vicariously told, but once his time period ended, a historical book was left behind. The theme of a struggle is most prominently showcased in Blake’s poetryRead MoreThe Chimney Sweeper By William Blake1887 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Blake, author of The Chimney Sweeper, gives the reader an uncomfortable feeling of the acceptance, and cruelty of child labor. With the use of anecdote, biblical allusions and a very sympathetic and retributive tone—Blake is able to transform the surreal idea of child labor into a visual reality. The poem revolves around a little boy, who the narrator describes as a â€Å"little black thing†, who is working as a sweeper in very poor and hopeless conditions. Through the voice of the child chimneyRead MoreThe Chimney Sweeper by William Blake515 Words   |  2 PagesWilliam Blake’s poem, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† is a poem about children losing their innocence and being forced to clean chimneys. The setting is in the industrial period when children in orphanages being sent to work at such a young age. The young boys were usually the ones to be put to work because they were small enough to get into the chimneys and clean them. Children in this era eventually were diagnosed with Black Lung Disease because they inhaled too much soot in their lungs. The poem opensRead MoreThe Chimney Sweeper by William Blake Essay596 Words   |  3 PagesIn the Chimney Sweeper, William Blake portrays the lack of innocence in these young boys lives since they are expected to have attained the experience to preform such unjust actions. The speaker of the poem begins it by letting us know that after his mother passed away his father gave him up to be a chimneysweeper so he could obtain money. These two figures, his mother and father are whom kids are supposed to depend on and look up for guidance. He feels abandoned because his mother is gone andRead MoreSocial Criticism in William Blakes Chimney Sweeper3015 Words   |  13 PagesSocial Criticism in William Blake’s â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† ‘The Chimney Sweeper’ by William Blake criticises child labour and especially society that sees the children’s misery but chooses to look away and it reveals the change of the mental state of those children who were forced to do such cruel work at the age of four to nine years. It shows the change from an innocent child that dreams of its rescue to the child that has accepted its fate. Those lives seem to oppose each other and yet if one readsRead MoreWilliam Blake s Inscription On The Young Chimney Sweepers1382 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Blake s Inscription on the Young Chimney Sweepers By: Kyle Fitch Prof. Joseph McNally Engl. 3312 B April 20, 2015 A key point in the history of mankind was the Industrial Revolution. It was also a difficult time in history in terms of suffering, especially for the lower class that had to work twice as hard as the upper class for minimum wage. A young poet by the name of William Blake became livid and motivated in the late eighteenth century by the coldhearted usage of young boysRead MoreThe Chimney Sweeper and London by William Blake and Tich Miller and Timothy Winters2299 Words   |  10 PagesThe two poems â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† and â€Å"London† by William Blake, and the two poems â€Å"Tich Miller† and â€Å"Timothy Winters† are all on a theme of childhood, however, they are set in different eras and so childhood should be very different. Discuss this, comparing and contrasting the poems. As a child, William Blake was a loner. He never socialised with other children and sat by himself reading the Bible. His family were very religious, but did not agree with organised religion. This meant

The Nature Of Media Every Time - 1383 Words

We determine the nature of media every time we choose what to endorse. Pictures represent objects and don’t really represent subjects. It is a means of control, â€Å"The Rich control the Poor†. Because every time you buy something that supports something that you do not believe in, you effectively sell your soul a dollar at a time. Why do you think we came up with currency. If you do not believe in something, do not buy it. Don’t get me started on AOL’s promotion of the â€Å"side boob† picture. we do this simply by investing in the products that these images endorse. I have to contend with bimbettes who think their only worth is their sexuality and body parts throwing themselves at him at at women showing up at professional events with their†¦show more content†¦if you want to make a change, guess what, together as nation of the poor, we are the wealthy and we have control. I don’t interpret these pictures as objectifying because I don’t see the subjects in the pictures solely as objects, even though that is what they are in the picture. They also tempt men who are in relationships with good women. save your money, make it work for you, change the image that we have moulded for ourselves. In a new video released this month, the campaign spotlights some of these ads, with women sarcastically confronting the images for their harmful depictions. When my daughter Maya was 7, the Bratz dolls were all the rage at toy stores and a hot gift item for kids birthday parties. It is only if you interpret the picture as objectifying in some greater sense that it is seen that way. I had to be ‘that mom’, the humorless, angry feminist asking other moms to please not buy Bratz for Maya’s birthday, because a doll that features a thong diaper could not possibly be unrelated to child sex trafficking. Basically what I am saying is that there is really nothing wrong with treating people as objects for the purposes of art and photos because art and photos deal in objects. You do this by crediting these organisations with our current credit system, MONEY. We are made to believe that we do not have control over what fads, or fashions are in style or what political stances are moral and immoral, but we are misguidedShow MoreRelatedMedia As the Mirror of Lebanese Culture1335 Words   |  5 PagesWhat kind of Mirror is the Media of Lebanese Culture? As we discuss media, we must also discuss the nature and function of art. A difference between art and media can be the process by which they are made. Yet in these modern days, the lines between media and art are not lines, but fractals or shapes only described by functions of calculus. That is to say that art and media are heavily intertwined in the 21st century. Some media is art; some art is media. 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The notion of nature versus nurture is one of the most debated topics of modern sociology, and is very apparent in the theories presented by Laura Mulvey and Mimi White. They contend that mass media perpetuates sexism because media is ubiquitous, and the environment impacts human developmentRead MoreSilent Manipulation Alex Proyas’ film I, Robot1674 Words   |  7 Pagesworld around them and chances are that the media plays a huge role in shaping their identity. To the music they listen to, to fashion trends, to their beliefs, the news outlets and television shows could be held responsible. In 2004, the media had a much greater influence over American citizens because of the historical context of the time. Alex Proyas’ film I, Robot had taken advantage of the fact that people had become so easily influenced by the media. Set in the year 2035, a robotics company namedRead MoreThe Media s Hierarchy Of Human Needs1639 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the news media i s to broadcast information in different mediums, gain a larger audience (web, print, and television), satisfy different audience’s through the use of surveillance, and to do all of the above and make a profit. The media will broadcast sometimes the same information in many ways in order for it to reach most people that have access to either cable, Internet or social media. Once the information has reached the people in the community it satisfies their need for informationRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media769 Words   |  4 Pages Social Media Paper Joshua Yates HUM/186 10/1/2017 Allyson Wells â€Æ' The Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media and Obtainable Information Social media has become an integrated part of our culture and a useful communication tool when properly used. Every day people log on to social media sites to get updates on everything from celebrities, family, and friends to top stories and breaking news. We also use social media in our professional lives. Individuals use social media as a cost-effectiveRead MoreInfluence Of Media On Adolescents933 Words   |  4 Pagesin the media on a regular basis; often in movies, video games, television shows, music and many other sources of mass media. Aside from those depictions occurring in the media, sexualized intimate behaviors take place in the public sphere every day as well. Sexual media content is frequently held accountable for minors’ early engagement in sexual activities. While there are large amounts of research on the influence of media on adolescents, there is a deficiency of investigation of media impact onRead MoreHow The Media Negatively Impacted The Simpson Murder Ca se856 Words   |  4 PagesThese examples of how the media negatively impacted the Simpson murder case continued on through the most crucial parts of the case, jury selection. After the media had been talking O.J. Simpson for months and months there was a survey down of the mostly people who would believe O.J. innocent and the results came out that black women would be more likely to believe that Simpson was innocent (Linder). The ending jury pool for this case were eight out of the twelve jurors were black female. In orderRead MoreAnalysis â€Å"the Four Idols1040 Words   |  5 Pagesidols are broken down to logical fallacies founded on: individual shortcomings, human nature, and philosophy ad language. Through his works, he writes to a vast audience in the early seventeenth century with a particularly insistent tone. Bacons ideas have withstood the time test and are still prevalent in the contemporary words. The 4 idols of tribe are significantly misunderstandings founded on the human nature unconscious tendencies. Bacon (548) asserts that human understanding usually proceedsRead MoreAnalysis the Four Idols1048 Words   |  5 Pagesidols are broken down to logical fallacies founded on: individual shortcomings, human nature, and philosophy ad language. Through his works, he writes to a vast audience in the early seventeenth century with a particularly insistent tone. Bacons ideas have withstood the time test and are still prevalent in the contemporary words. The 4 idols of tribe are significantly misunderstandings founded on the human nature unconscious tendencies. Bacon (548) asserts that human understanding usually proceeds

The Great Gatsby Analysis of Nick Essay Example For Students

The Great Gatsby Analysis of Nick Essay NICK CARRAWAY has a special place in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald. He is not just one character among several; it is through his eyes and ears that the story takes place. In this novel, Nick goes to some length to establish his credibility, indeed his moral integrity, in telling this story about this â€Å"great† man called Gatsby. He begins with a reflection on his own upbringing, quoting his father’s words about Nick’s â€Å"advantages, which we could assume were material but, he soon makes clear, were spiritual or moral advantages. Nick wants his reader to know that his upbringing gave him the moral fiber with which to withstand and pass judgment on an amoral world, such as the one he had observed the previous summer. He says, rather pompously, that as a consequence of such an upbringing, he is â€Å"inclined to reserve all judgments† about other people, but then goes on to say that such â€Å"tolerance . . . has a limit. This is the first sign the narrator gives the reader to show he will give an even-handed insight to the story that is about to unfold. Later the reader learns he neither reserves all judgments nor does his tolerance reach its limit. Nick is very partial in his way of telling the story about several characters. He admits early into the story that he makes an exception of judging Gatsby, for whom he is prepared to suspend both the moral code of his upbringing and the limit of intolerance, because Gatsby had an â€Å"extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness. This inspired him to a level of friendship and loyalty that Nick seems unprepared to extend towards others in the novel. Nick overlooks the moral implications of Gatsby’s bootlegging, his association with speakeasies, and with Meyer Wolfsheim, the man rumored to have fixed the World Series in 1919. Yet, he is contemptuous of Jordan Baker for cheating in a mere golf game. While he says that he is prepared to forgive this sort of behavior in a woman: â€Å"It made no difference to me. Dishonesty in a woman is a thing you never blame too deeply I was casually sorry, and then I forgot,† it seems that he cannot accept her for being â€Å"incurably dishonest† and then reflects that his one â€Å"cardinal virtueà ¢â‚¬  is that he is â€Å"one of the few honest people† he has ever known. When it comes to judging women or perhaps only potential lovers not only are they judged, they are judged by how well they stand up to his own virtues. Nick leaves the Midwest after he returns from the war, restless and at odds with the traditional, conservative values that, from his account, haven’t changed in spite of the tumult of the war. It is this insularity from a changed world no longer structured by the values that had sent young men to war, that decides him to goEast, to New York, and learn about bonds. After one summer out East, a remarkable summer for this morally advantaged young man, he â€Å"decided to come back home† to the security of what is familiar and traditional. He sought a return to the safety of a place where houses were referred to by the names of families that had inhabited them for generations; a security that Nick decides makes Westerners â€Å"subtly unadaptable to Eastern life. By this stage, the East had become for him the â€Å"grotesque† stuff of his nightmares. This return home tells the reader many things about Nick. Nick is adversely affected by the events of that summer: th e death of a woman he met briefly and indirectly, who was having an affair with his cousin’s husband and whose death leads to the death of his next-door neighbor. .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546 , .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546 .postImageUrl , .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546 , .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546:hover , .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546:visited , .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546:active { border:0!important; } .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546:active , .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546 .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4f3c160bd021bb2148a72cfd0b631546:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: London8217s use of setting in 8220To Build a Fire8 EssayThe only genuine affection in the novel is shown by Nick towards Gatsby. He admires Gatsby’s optimism, an attitude that is out of step with the sordidness of the times. Fitzgerald illustrates this sordidness not just in the Valley of Ashes, but right there beneath the thin veneer of the opulence represented by Daisy and Tom. Nick is â€Å"in love† with Gatsby’s capacity to dream and ability to

Lysistrata free essay sample

This paper looks at the ancient Greek play Lysistrata. This paper analyzes the Ancient Greek play of Lysistrata and compares it to modern artistic productions. The claim is that this play addressed very contemporary issues. A summary of the play is provided, the characters are analyzed and a historical description of Ancient Greek artistic trends are described. From the paper: Lysistrata is both the name of a woman and the name of one of the most famous comedies of ancient Greece. The name of Lysistrata has become a watchword for feminists and pacifists alike, for reasons a brief synopsis of the play will shortly disclose. Yet this paper will contend that rather than being an pre-modern, non-musical version of the popular musical ?Hair? for ancient Athens, where common societal sexual and military mores are brushed away, ?Lysistrata bears? far more resemblance to a kind of classical version of ?I Love Lucy. We will write a custom essay sample on Lysistrata or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ? In the play ?Lysistrata,? clever yet silly women try to twist their husbands around their little fingers to achieve their ends, to great comic effect, perhaps, but not in any fashion that permanently undoes the social mores of the time in a real and lasting fashion.

Social Theorists On The Sociology of Science

Social Theorists On The Sociology of Science We as societies are governed by principles, in which are in no doubt, have and are still influencing the way the world and society is being developed. One of the most critical contributors towards this structure would have to be the dynamic field of science or what others such as sociologists would call the study of the scientific method. Although science as a field is in retrospectively speaking a field which rely on having certain objectives and using particular methods to reach those objectives. These objectives are usually explained by using the term theories, in which are put under scrutiny to reach a proven hypotheses. So as far as science is concerned it is in such that each theory or generalisation is concerned passes through a multiple series of events such as experiments, which are repeated over and over to quantify variables, provide techniques of measurement and apply mathematical and statistical methods to the result, and as such the people who introduced these theories are called theorists.Three models of change in scientific theories, dep...So accordingly I will try and introduce you to three of these theorists in the science field and compare and contrast their social theories of science and see how if any of their theories suggest that science is a part of the rationalization process in particular of M.Webers rationalization.The Three theorists in wich I am referring to are R.Merton, B. Barnes and P Feyerabend. Each of these particular individuals as far as we or science is concerned have in no doubt had overwhelming impact on way in which science has evolved and expanded over time. R. Merton or Robert Merton is considered as one of the founding fathers of sociology of science. Merton's special interest is in the mores of science, moral regulations that collectively form the scientific 'etos', constraining the...

International Relations essays

International Relations essays Stephen Biddles review essay The New Way of War? in the journal, Foreign Affairs, states the advantages and disadvantages of the present form of a new war, which would approve security issues. Biddle discusses the positive and negative affects of a war unlike the previous world conflicts. He uses the work Bacevich and Cohen on War Over Kosovo, Lambeth work on NATOs Air War for Kosovo, and Hosmer's book Why Milosevik Decided to Settle When He Did. Biddle seems to support the advantages more than the disadvantages. Also, this article talks about problems that arise in this new kind of warfare such as, some fear the militaries weapons technologies and information wouldnt be able to get a hold of when needed, it will only work on small states that are able to be bullied around, and also will impact the civilians in an economic way. There are some benefits that poke there way through the negatives. The new kind of warfare is cheaper, protects the enemys civilians from being killed, pr otects the lives of the military force attacking, and shortens the length of wars. Negatives show their face in this sort of problem solving. The new form a war involves bombing electrical power buildings, transportation networks from beyond the enemys reach, until the enemy gives the allies what they want. This happened in Kosovo with Milosevic and in Afghanistan between al Qaeda. In the literary work War Over Kosovo, Cohen and Bacevich state some important concerns. For instance by bombing electrical power plants, transportation stations, it will affect the economy by minimizing jobs and creating suffering among their civilian population. Biddles main concern in this May/ June article is the positives sides to this new form of bombing. He states that minimizing ground forces is an important step for it causes more casualties, and that they are difficult to pull out. Also, by ...

The Russian Ruble crisis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Russian Ruble crisis - Assignment Example One, the economic hardships in Russia at the time had taken a political dimension. This derailed the government’s course to adhere to the targets set by IMF. Two, the tax system in Russia was so complicated to be aligned with the IMF requirements. Three, increasing public debts made it harder for the Russian government to implement IMF’s demands. Finally, the Russian government had other economic hardships that awaited its attention; among them persistent inflation and critically low ruble value. Russia’s tax cuts and increased government revenue had been deemed unachievable for quite some time. The early 2000s move and subsequent results proved otherwise. Reduced tax rates translated to increased government revenue. This was the case because individual and corporate tax payers considered compliance to be cheaper than evading tax payment. This realization did not mean that policy prescriptions by IMF were wrong. Rather, the Russian government took action with regard to its situation subject to having parted ways with the

Integrated quality Assurance Principles in the teaching-learning Essay

Integrated quality Assurance Principles in the teaching-learning environment - Essay Example It is necessary for such an organisation to recognise the students as the customer and thus focus their continual development planning towards making sure that these customers get the best (Rauner & Maclean, 2008). Providing the best would be to make sure that these customers get the education that is in line with the standards developed, both national and internationally. In the planning stage of the continue development program for such an institution, it would entail coming up with ways to conform to the standards. The institution would then have to implement (do) this by making sure that the courses and the syllabus offered are in line with these international and national standards (Servais, 2011). After the implementation, the college would then have to check whether the new syllabus or curriculaum is in line with the international stands. The college would also have to check whether the new curriculum is helping the students to be able to be more successful in their fields. This can be done by monitoring how the alumni from the college are performing in the market. If after checking it becomes clear that the alumni of the college are not doing so well in the market, the college may have to look at the syllabus and the implementation of the syllabus and look for any issues which may be causing variance between the planned and the achieved results (International Labour Office, 2010). This will also include, if possible, looking at the relevant changes in industry demand and future student profiles. This will also help in making sure that such an institution is not lagging behind and that the quality of its education programs will not deteriorate over time (Bosch & Charest, 2010). By applying the PDCA process of improvement, it will be easy to know how to monitor the relevant changes in industry demand and be able to align the current strategy in a way that will help o achieve these new

The Sand Pebbles by Richard McKenna Essay Example for Free

The Sand Pebbles by Richard McKenna Essay The Sand Pebbles was written in 1962 by Richard McKenna and it’s about Yangtze River gunboat in 1926 and McKenna had served aboard in 1936. The novel was later acted as film in 1966 that starred Steve McQueen, Candice Bergen, Mako, Richard Crena and Richard Attenborough. The movie was directed Robert wise after Anderson adapted the novel from McKenna. The novel depicts colonialism and racism of that time in both small scales, by showing the interaction between the Chinese coolies that operated boats and American sailors and the Chinese bar girls at the shore and large scale by showing how the gunboat diplomacy was used in dominating the vulnerable china thus reducing it to a virtual anarchy by political factions and feuding warlords. The Sand of Pebbles gives a reflection on the life of American navy at a time when the china sailors were in poor light. The native Chinese mocked them, while the superior officers treated with pride and were termed as an embarrassment by their people whom they were meant to protect. The military is not regarded as a career but a way to escape and even as a punishment. Given their universal lack of sense and respect, it’s not surprising that the sand pebbles have comfort in their menial tasks; this makes the pebbles to feel superior to some people. Jake arrives and has self respect and maintains the engine without seeking the imported help and prefers the company of his engine because they deliver their best and have no emotions like the human beings that bring about conflict between them. Care, respect and his affection towards the engine display a fragile and gentle side towards Jake which leads to friendship with Po-Han whose is one of the coolies because of his understanding for the engine. Jake is uncomplicated, straight forward, reasonable, honest and treats others with high respect but trouble begins when he, together with other Sand Pebbles conflict among themselves because of various features of the world affairs and those of the society. The destiny of horrible sailors that has no likely hood to inspire interest with less identification makes The Sand Pebbles a great novel. More so it handles themes like racism, social injustice, love, friendship, military intervention, brutality of war, among other themes. Political intervention and military is the focal point of the novel. San Pablo’s mission is to protect the interests of the Americans in the foreign country and using its military power if need be. This clearly displays the colonial approach and the enthusiasm of taking advantages of the obvious division in a developing nation. This is not very different from the today’s world where by the multinational companies play some roles in politics as nations defend each other because of the oil interests. The novel touches the lives of everyone, mostly the ones used as instruments for political plans and ambitions and the decreasing differences between the military and politics. Jake finds some features in the military and discipline too hard to stomach and within his ego feels that there is some thing he can contribute and henceforth he will be valued. Currently most of consider how to make our lives better by having better job but rarely do we think broadly about thing like the politics yet Jake in 1926 could think about nationalism and patriotism The missionaries and Shirley in china forego their nationality so that they can be accepted and win the respect and trust of the Chinese revolutionaries and volunteer to assist on development and education instead of defending their countries blindly. When Jake is invited he sees this invitation as a means of simplifying his life because he has undergone a lot of suffering in the system. Jake begins a process of personal development and growth that curiously reflect the kind of revolution that took place in china It’s a thought provoking, excellent novel where emotion keeps haunting the mind. Emotion is kind of the key to the novels success while McKenna deals with big issues and themes. The reality where by the insignificant individual are affected by the social strife and politics is shared to every one who reads the novel. It is a human anti war novel with a lot of sympathy and mind provoking though it’s not clearly understood by some critics. The novel touches on recurrent situation or lessons concerning identity politics and international exploitation where by instilled fear turns in to the social currency. The events and characters have critically illustrated moral slipperiness of identity and race, falseness of the political positions, the dangers that can about due to self indulgent, justifications of social righteous and finally how the moral judgment can be termed as useless once power play is a tool of encouraging violence to rise. What the hell happened are the last words of Jake, theses cap it all, that is exploitation and violence has a means of creating crowd mentality that strips individuals and nations of discernment, of sense, of the ability to assess complexity and steering the crowds in to false and arbitrary positions despite of the existing facts and what the majority of the people feel and think. When things get to this extreme, the ruling class mentality becomes to kill or either be killed. Reference Richard McKenna 2000) the Sand Pebbles, Naval Institute Press, US

The American Dream: To Get Rich Quick :: Essay on the American Dream

Traditionally, Americans have sought to realize the American dream of success, fame and wealth through thrift and hard work. However, the industrialization of the 19th and 20th centuries began to erode the dream, replacing it with a philosophy of "get rich quick". A variety of seductive but elusive strategies have evolved, and today the three leading ways to instant wealth are large-prize television game shows, big-jackpot state lotteries and compensation lawsuits. In this article, Matthew Warshauer, Professor of History at Central Connecticut State University, examines why so many Americans are persuaded to seek these easy ways to their dream. How does one achieve the American Dream? The answer undoubtedly depends upon one’s definition of the Dream, and there are many from which to choose. John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a "City upon a Hill." Martin Luther King, Jr. dreamed of racial equality. Both men yearned for what they perceived as perfection. Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American excellence. One component of the American Dream seems, however, to be fairly consistent: the quest for money. Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the â€Å"almighty dollar.† In a society dedicated to capitalism and the maxim that, â€Å"the one who dies with the most toys wins,† the ability to purchase a big house and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not. Yet the question remains, how does one achieve this success? How is the Dream realized? For many Americans the formula is one of instant, albeit elusive, gratification. Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic, far too many Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as â€Å"easy† money. This article focuses on three phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American Dream. Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows, lottery luck, and lucrative lawsuits are the The American Dream: To Get Rich Quick :: Essay on the American Dream Traditionally, Americans have sought to realize the American dream of success, fame and wealth through thrift and hard work. However, the industrialization of the 19th and 20th centuries began to erode the dream, replacing it with a philosophy of "get rich quick". A variety of seductive but elusive strategies have evolved, and today the three leading ways to instant wealth are large-prize television game shows, big-jackpot state lotteries and compensation lawsuits. In this article, Matthew Warshauer, Professor of History at Central Connecticut State University, examines why so many Americans are persuaded to seek these easy ways to their dream. How does one achieve the American Dream? The answer undoubtedly depends upon one’s definition of the Dream, and there are many from which to choose. John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a "City upon a Hill." Martin Luther King, Jr. dreamed of racial equality. Both men yearned for what they perceived as perfection. Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American excellence. One component of the American Dream seems, however, to be fairly consistent: the quest for money. Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the â€Å"almighty dollar.† In a society dedicated to capitalism and the maxim that, â€Å"the one who dies with the most toys wins,† the ability to purchase a big house and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not. Yet the question remains, how does one achieve this success? How is the Dream realized? For many Americans the formula is one of instant, albeit elusive, gratification. Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic, far too many Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as â€Å"easy† money. This article focuses on three phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American Dream. Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows, lottery luck, and lucrative lawsuits are the

Eating disorders and sexual violence Essay

Many neurotic behaviors are a direct consequence of Trauma. Some of the disorders caused by sexual violence trauma include Rape Trauma Syndrome, (PTSD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), and eating disorders (ED). Developing an eating disorder such as compulsive over-eating, anorexia or bulimia after going through sexual violence trauma is very common. However, not all sexual abuse and violence victims will develop an eating disorder. It is estimated that almost 30% to 40% of eating disorder patients are survivors of sexual trauma. A person already vulnerable to eating disorders or suffering from bad self image can use a devastating incident like rape or incest as a trigger to develop an eating disorder. There are countless reasons why eating disorders are used as a coping mechanism by persons suffering from sexual trauma. Some develop eating disorders to avoid sexuality. In other cases it is seen as a way to hide anger or frustration and seek the approval of other people. Since they cannot show the anger and resentment directly, they find unhealthy ways like starving or overeating to express themselves. Some abused teenagers might start viewing their body as a source of shame. In their opinion, unhealthy eating is a way of fixing the problem. In stressful situations like divorce of parents, car accident, death of a sibling and especially rape or molestation the victim feels utterly powerless. The person going through mental trauma will find new ways to improve his or her sense of control. Our culture and society place great emphasis on body image. Being thin is equated with maximum control. As a result, majority of victims start avoiding food or limiting intake to dangerous levels. In this way, the victim no longer remains powerless in their life. A commercial that shows unrealistic bodies will keep motivating such a person to indulge in unhealthy eating behavior. When a person remembers a stressful situation they can be driven to eat more than a normal person. Overeating or eating comfort foods that are high caloric foods can calm the body and relieve it from chronic stress. Sometimes sexually abused women and men merge physical or emotional pleasures with terrifying events. A woman who was raped repeatedly by her uncle as a child will show effects of depression and stress in her later life. However, if the woman had no affection shown towards her by members of her family she will start associating the sexual violence with great affection. This confusing association of good with bad makes her starve and harm her body. She feels pride and satisfaction from harming her body. For her, she has secretly accomplished something other cant. Bulimic patients often experience pleasure and pain for a short span of time. The binging alleviates the hunger longing but very soon shame and self-hatred takes over and she is forced to purge her system entirely. Without recognizing and dealing with trauma it is impossible to treat an eating disorder. It is important that cognitive awareness of the patient is increased as part of the treatment. He/She needs to understand the things that can or cannot be controlled in their lives. The most difficult part is making the patient realize that pain and pleasure are separate experiences that do not need to be subsequently followed by one or the other.

Pet Sematary by Stephen King Essay

Setting: The novel, ‘Pet Sematary’ by Stephen King is set mostly in Ludlow, Maine. Aside from the fact that Stephen King often sets his novels in Maine, where he was born and grew up, the quiet and laid back atmosphere of this place which has a very small population (only 402 in 2000) has something to do with the novel. As catalyst for the novel, a particular ancient Indian burial ground is located within walking distance of the Creed family house in this locality. The value of this setting in this novel is its link with history. Ludlow is known to have a 1% American Indian Ancestry and this small ancestry is enough to validate the presence of the Micmac burial ground in the area. With a small population in the locality, it is most likely that most of the people in the place know about the burial ground which explains why a certain ‘Timmy’ in the novel is referred to as having being buried in the burial ground as well. This sets precedence in the story and explains hoe Jud is quite well-versed with the lore of this particular burial ground. The setting also helps to conceal whatever supernatural events that occur in the place therefore making it more believable that people from other places did not hear about the strange occurrences in the place. So, while it is a given that King always sets his novels in towns and counties in Maine, the choice of Ludlow for this novel is obviously intentional and is done to achieve certain effects and objectives; these basically, to make it more believable and to validate the link between the townsfolk and their apparent, inherent knowledge of the critical element of the novel which is the Micmac burial ground. Other than just these technical intentions of the author, it has to be understood that the tone of the novel is also often set by the setting. In this particular novel which starts out in a sleepy, almost passive town, the effect of having something strange and supernatural occurring serves to upset the status quo of the town. Of course, there is reference to a similar occurrence happening in the past, but this works to deepen the secret of the town and so consequently explain the hush-hush attitude of the people. Drop in a metropolitan family preoccupied with the more tangible representations of life, and a burial ground that is able to resurrect the dead, and the novel has the perfect setting for the materialization of the tangible desires of the alien family and the chaotic interplay between these values and the values of the townsfolk. Major characters: Louis Creed is the main character of the story and it is his family, starting with the family cat, and then his son, and finally his wife that fall victim to the demonic powers of the Micmac Burial ground. Creed is initially introduced to be indifferent and academic, but sympathetic and close to his family members. This is vital to his decisions later in the novel. His entrance into Ludlow, Maine sets in motion a series of events that serve to clearly emphasize the differences his family has with the people in the town; not only this, it also serves to create a contrast between the ideals of the people of the town as well as his own ideals. Creed is used in the novel to foreshadow the events that would follow with their moving to Ludlow because it is his dream of a certain university student that leads him to the burial ground in the metaphysical sense. However, more than just the reality that the novel revolves around this main character, Jud, another character in the story, a friend of Louis plays a very important role in setting in motion the chain of events that lead to the demonic corruption of the Creed family. Jud and Louis are at the different ends of the supernatural spectrum in Pet Sematary – Jud is at the initiating end and Louis at the receiving end of the initiation. Jud is a local of Ludlow and has witnessed certain events in the past connected to the powers of the Micmac burial ground so as a favor to Louis who was instrumental in saving his wife from a fatal heart attack, he takes the family cat of the Creeds which was run over by a truck to the ancient burial ground after which the cat returns to life. This is the first incident that involves the Creeds and the burial ground, so in effect, Jud is the instrument of paradox because it is through him that the novel begins to plummet towards its gruesome and quite horrific climax. Horror Fiction Formula: Of course, Pet Sematary, being set in Ludlow, Maine apparently begins with the concept of the Apollonian community. However, a distinct characteristic of this particular novel is the fact that the community is not at all Apollonian in the truest sense of the concept because as the novel unfolds, it reveals that in fact, the Micmac burial ground and its demons has had its victims in the past, this being Timmy, who was killed along with his father when their house was burned down. In effect, the Creeds arrive into the community at a period when it is seemingly Apollonian, but in reality, is merely in a transition period from its dark past to another, darker future. This is important in the novel because the Dionysian force comes through an instrument, Jud, who has experienced the irruption in the past in the person of Timmy. So, it is Jud who becomes the harbinger of the Dionysian force, which in this novel, is the evil that resides in the Micmac burial ground. The strange thing about this novel is the fact that even with Jud’s knowledge of the degree of evil of the Dionysian force he still risks this by entering the Creed’s family cat into the grounds of the ancient burial site, even with the knowledge of what the consequences could be. The resurrection of the cat in the novel is the irruption in the novel because it is the manifestation of the Dionysian force, albeit still quite genteel, it actually escalates as Louis Creed decides to inter his son into the ancient burial site. The only time that the novel deviates from the horror formula is when the novel moves towards its ending, where instead of pursuing the Dionysian force to put a stop to it or to defeat it, Louis Creed is devoured by the temptation of bringing back his wife, perhaps also blinded by his loneliness and depression. The novel ends with implications of the wife actually returning from the dead. So, although, there is no pursuit of the Dionysian force, the novel still ends the way it should according to the formula with implications that the Dionysian force was not in fact defeated or destroyed. Levels of horror: Perhaps the reason why this novel is so successful and so enjoyed by many horror fans is the fact that it operates on the three levels of horror in an escalating manner. In the beginning, the Apollonian community is merely gripped by its dark past and the burial ground is nothing but a folkloric piece of land behind a pet cemetery. In this part of the novel, it operates on terror because while many people from the town know of the legend of the burial ground and were witnesses to its demonic powers, the knowledge is still on the level of intangibility, like a rumor going around town. Later, when the Dionysian force manifests itself in the form of the cat, a mild form of horror begins to emerge which is the resurrected cat – more aggressive, more hostile, and possessing the qualities of a dead animal. So, in this sense, the Dionysian force acquires a face or some form of tangibility. The horror becomes more pronounced with the resurrection of Louis’ son, Gage. This time, the Dionysian force becomes more vivid as Gage is more demonic and more evil. This newly resurrected creature then kills Jud which then transforms the horror into revulsion because along with Jud, the monster kills Rachel. King implies in the story that Gage partially eats the corpse of Rachel. This adds to the revulsion. The end of the novel adds more to this third level of horror by turning the evil inside out. In effect, instead of the horror merely manifesting itself in the resurrected corpses, it begins to eat through the sanity of the last remaining protagonist, Louis. So, the revulsion takes a final twist, when because of the insanity of Louis, he also buries his wife in the burial site and his wife returns. In effect, the monstrosity has transcended from being limited only to the dead coming back to the living finally concurring with its evil.

Characteristics of Psychopathic Personalities

Characteristics of Psychopathic Personalities Psychopaths are incapable of feeling guilt, remorse, or empathy for their actions or the objects of their actions. They are generally cunning and manipulative. They know the difference between right and wrong but dont believe the rules apply to them. First Encounter With a Psychopath On first impression, psychopaths generally appear charming, engaged, caring, friendly, logical, and reasonable, with well thought-out goals. They give the impression that they can reason, that they know the consequences for antisocial and unlawful behavior and will  react appropriately. They appear capable of self-examination and will criticize  themselves for mistakes. Under clinical evaluation, psychopaths dont show  common symptoms associated with neurotic behavior: nervousness, high anxiety, hysteria, mood swings,  extreme fatigue, and headaches. In situations that most normal people would find upsetting, psychopaths appear calm and void of fear and anxiety. An About-Face Initially,  psychopaths appear  reliable, devoted, and trustworthy, but, suddenly and without provocation, become unreliable, with no regard for how their actions affect the situation, regardless of its importance. Once viewed as honest and sincere, they do a sudden about-face and begin lying without concern, even in small matters when there is no benefit in lying. Because psychopaths have mastered the art of deception, those around them are slow to accept the abrupt change. When psychopaths are confronted with their lack of responsibility, honesty or loyalty, it generally has no impact on their attitude or future performance. They are unable to perceive that other people value  truthfulness and integrity. Cant Accept Responsibility for Failure Psychopaths turn into performers who can mimic normal human emotions that they have never felt. This holds true when theyre faced with failure. If they appear to be humble and own up to their mistakes, their true goal is to be perceived as the martyr or sacrificial lamb willing to accept blame so others dont have to. If the ploy fails and they are blamed, they will emphatically deny any responsibility and, without feeling shame, turn to lies, manipulation, and finger-pointing. When psychopaths cant convince others that they are innocent, they fume and obsess over it, often murmuring sarcastic comments and plotting revenge. Risky  Behavior With No Gain Antisocial behavior- cheating, lying, robbing, stealing, agitating, fighting, committing adultery, killing- appeals to psychopaths, whether or not they reap any rewards.  They appear drawn to high-risk antisocial behavior that has no apparent goal. Some experts theorize that psychopaths like to put themselves into dangerous situations because of the  adrenaline rush they experience. Because psychopaths generally dont feel many emotions that normal people do, any extreme sensation feels good. Others believe that they do it to reinforce their sense of superiority and to prove that they are smarter than everyone, including the police. Horrible Judgment Although psychopaths are logical thinkers and view themselves as highly intelligent, they consistently exhibit bad judgment. Faced with two paths, one to gold and the other to ashes, the psychopath will take the latter. Because psychopaths cant learn from their experiences, they are prone to taking the same path again and again. Egocentric and Unable to Love Psychopaths are highly egomaniacal, to the point that a  normal person has difficulty comprehending it. Their  self-centeredness  is so deeply rooted that it renders them incapable of loving others, including parents, spouses, and their own children. The only time psychopaths show an ordinary response to kindness or special treatment by others is when it can be used to their advantage. For example,  a psychopathic father still loved by his children despite the deep  suffering he has caused them  may put on a show of appreciation so that they continue to put money into his prison account or pay his legal fees. Conventional Treatment Empowers Psychopaths Most studies indicate that there are no conventional methods to cure psychopathic behavior. When conventional methods have been used, psychopaths become empowered  and react by improving their cunning, manipulative methods and their ability to conceal their true personality, even from trained eyes. Difference Between Psychopaths and Sociopaths Psychopaths and sociopaths share a diagnosis as having antisocial personality disorder and similar traits, but there are significant differences. Psychopaths are more deceptive and manipulative and maintain more control over their outward personas. They are able to lead what appear to be normal lives, sometimes throughout their lifetime. When psychopaths become criminals they believe they are smarter than the average person and invincible. Sociopaths often let their inner rage surface with violent episodes, verbally and physically. They become reckless and spontaneous and have little control over what they say or how they act. Because they are impulse driven, they rarely consider the consequences of their actions. It is difficult for sociopaths to live normal lives, and because of their imprudence many of them drop out of school, cant hold jobs, turn to crime, and end up in prison. Which Is More Dangerous? Sociopaths have a difficult time hiding their disorder, while psychopaths pride themselves on their manipulative abilities. Psychopaths are masters of disassociation and less likely to feel guilt or remorse for their actions or for the pain that they cause others. Because of this, psychopaths are considered to be more dangerous than sociopaths. Source:  The Mask of Sanity,  by  Hervey M. Cleckley

Understanding Delphi SET Type - Expert Guide

Understanding Delphi SET Type - Expert Guide One of the Delphi language features not found in other modern languages is the notion of sets. Delphis set type is a collection of values of the same ordinal type. A set is defined using the set of keyword: Set types are usually defined with subranges. In the above example, the TMagicNumber is a custom subrange type allowing variables of the TMagicNumber type to receive values from 1 to 34. Simply put, a subrange type represents a subset of the values in another ordinal type. Possible values of the set type are all the subsets of the base type, including the empty set. A limitation on sets is that they can hold up to 255 elements. In the above example, the TMagicSet set type is a set of TMagicNumber elements - integer numbers from 1 to 34. The declaration TMagicSet set of TMagicNumber is equal to the following declaration: TMagicSet set of 1..34. Set Type Variables In the above example, the variables emptyMagicSet, oneMagicSet and anotherMagicSet are sets of TMagicNumber. To assign a value to a set type variable, use the square brackets and list all the elements of the set. As in: Note 1: every set type variable can hold the empty set, denoted by []. Note 2: the order of the elements in a set has no meaning, nor is it meaningful for an element (value) to be included twice in a set. The IN Keyword To test if an element is included in the set (variable) use the IN keyword: Set Operators The same way you can sum two numbers, you can have a set that is the sum of two sets. With sets your event has more operators: returns the union of two sets.- returns the difference of two sets.* returns the intersection of two sets. return true if two sets are equal - have the same element. returns true if the first set is a subset of the second set. returns true if the first set is a superset of the second set. returns true if two sets are non-identical.IN returns true if an element is included in the set. Heres an example: Will the ShowMessage procedure be executed? If so, what will be displayed? Heres the implementation of the DisplayElements function: Hint: yes. Displayed: 18 | 24 |. Integers, Characters, Booleans Of course, when creating set types you are not restricted to integer values. Delphi ordinal types include character and boolean values. To prevent users to type alpha keys, add this line in the OnKeyPress of an edit control: Sets with Enumerations A commonly used scenario in Delphi code is to mix both enumerated types and set types. Heres an example: Question: will the message be displayed? Answer: no :( Sets in Delphi Control Properties When you need to apply bold to the font used in TEdit controls, you either use the Object Inspector or the following code: The Fonts Style property is a set type property! Heres how it is defined: So, an enumerated type TFontStyle is used as the base type for the set type TFontStyles. The Style property of the TFont class is of type TFontStyles - therefore a set type property. Another example includes the result of the MessageDlg function. A MessageDlg function is used to bring up a message box and obtain the users response. One of the parameters of the function is the Buttons parameter of type TMsgDlgButtons. TMsgDlgButtons is defined as a set of (mbYes, mbNo, mbOK, mbCancel, mbAbort, mbRetry, mbIgnore, mbAll, mbNoToAll, mbYesToAll, mbHelp). If you display a message to the user containing Yes, OK and Cancel buttons and you want to execute some code if either the Yes or Ok buttons were clicked you can use the next code: Final word: sets are great. Sets might appear confusing to a Delphi beginner, but as soon as you start using set type variables you will find out they provide much more then it sounded in the beginning.

RIORDAN MANUFACTURING_ Ford & Toyota Case Study

RIORDAN MANUFACTURING_ Ford & Toyota - Case Study Example Design elements of an effective employee relations program involve coach and counseling, analysis of employees concerns, effective communication and interaction strategies and performance management. In both companies, Ford and Toyota, these strategies play a crucial role allowing the companies to create positive climate and morale, maintain high productivity levels and effective performance (Mullins, 2004; Toyota Home Page, 2007; Ford Home Page, 2007). In both companies, the aim of coaching and counseling is to focus heavily on helping employees develop skills and abilities, and in the process provide the supervisor with an excellent opportunity to recognize workers for improved performance. If managers are to really succeed at coaching and counseling, they must be in close working relationships with their employees. The managing coach and counselor will almost continuously monitor employee performance in order to help the employee make appropriate performance adjustments (Mullins, 2004; Toyota Home Page, 2007; Ford Home Page, 2007). When workers see the nature of this relationship with the coach/counselor, they sense that performance is going to be measured and likely measured precisely. Employees expect praise for learning and performing well, an upgrading in task assignments as the coach /counselor spots improvement, and eventual freedom, or autonomy, at work as they prove themselves. The existence of a quality person serving i n a coach /counselor role relative to the worker helps convince the worker that performance improvement will not go unrecognized and, therefore, unrewarded. Employees concerns influence employee relations and require careful analysis of the companies' management. Fears and threats should be eliminated in order to improve corporate morale and performance. Job security really depends on employee performance, not on length of service or length of employment contract, for example. If employees and the organization are not productive, success for the organization will not be realized. Employees can be sensitized to the contingency relation between performance and organization survival by pointing out the numerous dramatic cases of organizations that have failed to boost worker productivity and performance, in light of growing competition, and have subsequently had to close their doors. Emphasis can be placed on the performance-job security link by granting long-term employment contracts, or such things as guaranteed annual income, only to those whose performance deserves these arrangements (Robbins, 2004). Effective communication and interaction ensures effective performance and high morale. In both companies, people are taught how to avoid feelings of inferiority and how to stand up for what they believe in. Communication and training almost invariably helps increase one's confidence level (Robbins, 2004). Self-image building can come in various forms, most of which are beyond the scope of this book--but may involve something relatively simple like getting workers to improve their physical appearance through better dress and grooming. The philosophy of Ford and Toyota is that employees must sense that performance pays off, that it will yield desired positive outcomes. The stronger the perceived correlation between performance and desired rewards (positive outcomes), the stronger the motivation. To sense a strong

Fundamentals of Healthy Lifestyle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fundamentals of Healthy Lifestyle - Essay Example Center for Disease Control recommends people to engage in physical activities to combat diabetes (Samuels 1). I experienced many health problems while consuming unhealthy food that is why I turned to healthier choices. By healthy lifestyle, I mean cooking and preparing my meals and snacks using organic products. The outcome so far to this lifestyle change has been a change that I'm more than happy I did. My healthy lifestyle routine consists of my personal health, saving money while eating clean, and being physically active and productive in my daily activities. As an individual, you have the responsibility to take care of your health through eating lifestyles changes and participating in physical activities. Considering my personal health, I come from a family who has been diagnosed with diabetes type one. According to the National Diabetes Statistics Report, that was released in 2014 "1.25 million American children and adults have type 1 diabetes" (Statistics About Diabetes 3). The type one diabetes is genetically passed, and it is a disease that cannot be prevented and you cannot get rid of it. It also occurs when the immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Symptoms to the type one diabetes usually start during childhood or young adulthood. Episodes of low blood sugar levels also known as hypoglycemia are common. Diabetics struggle a lot with emotions. They often lash out for little things because they experience the emotional roller coaster. They have to visit frequently the doctor, they need support from their loved ones, they need encouragement, and sometimes they feel lonely because they feel their disease is controlling them rather than them controlling the disease. These statistics are scary enough, which made me consider a healthier way of life. I wanted to be around my friends and family for a long time.

New York Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

New York Project - Essay Example The 12 friends come from the city of Los Angeles and wish to go to the city of New York by flight. If they fly to New York using Delta Airlines they will have to pay a one way price of 33 US Dollars. For all of them, they will have to pay a total of 792 US Dollars for both journeys. The first show that they plan on seeing is a Broadway musical by the name, â€Å"After Midnight†. This musical celebrates the exuberance and glamour of Harlem’s Golden Age. It consists of Harlem’s most popular nightclub. The musical is performed by exceptional jazz at Lincoln Center All-Stars. This is an orchestra consisting of 17 world-class musicians carefully selected by Wynton Marsalis. Marsalis is a 9-time Grammy Award winner. The musical includes songs by Cab Calloway, Harold Arlen, Duke Ellington and their contemporaries. The stage performances and dances make it even more captivating. Charles Isherwood of the New York Times calls â€Å"After Midnight†, â€Å"a depiction of time-traveling back to the heyday of the Cotton Club as it moves through more than 25 songs from the jazz era.† Marilyn Stasio of broadways also describes it as, â€Å"stylized treatment of a midnight floorshow at a 1930s jazz club is gorgeously designed to showcase roof -raising performances from top-flight talent†. Watching the musical from the mid mezzanine section they will have to part ways with 70 US Dollars each. The second show that they plan on seeing is a play by the name, â€Å"The Accidental Pervert†. This play is a one man show, which tells a story about a boy whose journey into manhood begins when he starts watching his father’s X-rated videos. The videos eventually became an ever-present part of the boy’s life. The play depicts the videos to be having dirty contents with no redeeming value. The boy eventually finds redemption from the mess he put himself in when the gets a different perspective of life. This

Marketing Strategies for Luxury Brands Essay Example for Free

Marketing Strategies for Luxury Brands Essay New products are continuously launched into the luxury perfume market each year. DKNY’s recent addition to the perfume market is DKNY Pure. As a competitor intending to introduce a similar product into the luxury fashion brand perfume market, consumer behaviour has important implications for the design of a successful marketing strategy. This paper will outline which key factors marketers should attempt to influence in the design of a marketing strategy to introduce a new luxury brand perfume to the market. Through the use of product positioning, identifying buying groups and the target market, extensive advertising and operant conditioning marketers can manipulate the consumer decision-making process together with internal and external influences leading to consumer purchase behaviour. From a marketing perspective luxury fashion brands are defined in by features such as exclusivity, premium prices, excellent quality, distinctiveness, image, status and other aspirational characteristics (Fionda Moore, 2009). For many consumers the purchase of luxury fashion brand perfume is a high-involvement and emotional decision (Sadeghi Tabrizi, 2011). These purchases involve the use of extended decision-making with an extensive search of internal and external information and a considerable evaluation of alternative products available (Quester, Pettigrew Hawkins, 2011). An extensive advertising campaign should be used the major marketing strategy for the introduction of a new product in the luxury perfume market as it can be used to manipulate and influence consumer behaviour in a number of ways. Influencing the consumer decision-making process In order to influence the consumer decision-making process advertising can be used as external stimuli in order to trigger the first stage of the consumer decision making process; problem or need recognition. Advertising can influence consumer behaviour by affecting the consumer’s desired state or their existing state (Quester, Pettigrew Hawkins, 2011), prompting the identification of perceived need or desire for a product. Strategic marketing campaigns such as preannouncements (for example through media releases or samples) can be used to influence consumer anticipation, attention and desire or perceived need prior to the launch of a new product such as a luxury perfume (Schatzel Calantone, 2006). By understanding the motives which direct consumers to purchase products and the needs they are seeking to satisfy marketers can target their advertising more effectively (Kotler et al, 2007). For luxury brand perfume advertising can be used to highlight the emotional need of the consumer focussing on their â€Å"esteem needs† as described by Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Kotler et al, 2007; Quester, Pettigrew Hawkins, 2011). Emotional self-esteem needs can be effectively used in advertising luxury brand perfume to women by including messages and visuals which suggest sophistication, elegance, love and confidence. Feeling and emotion significantly shapes consumer intentions for perfume with consumers visualising, imagining, estimating and assessing the perceived feelings gained from purchasing and using the product (Sadeghi Tabrizi, 2011). Perception Marketing efforts should focus on building customers perception of both the brand and the product. Perception is a significant internal factor in a consumers’ purchase decision for luxury brand perfume. The perception process involves processing information from exposure, attention and interpretation with meanings recorded as memory (Kotler et al 2007). Consumer perceptions can be manipulated through product positioning; in this case introducing a new perfume’s under the familiar luxury brand image will position it in the high-end perfume market creating a perception that it is a similar high-end product. Identifying the desired product position allows marketers to design strategies to develop the appropriate product image for that particular target market (Quester, Pettigrew Hawkins, 2011). Perfumes are products that are comprised of both tangible and intangible characteristics designed to satisfy consumers. Perceptions of quality can be influenced by the tangible (intrinsic) characteristics of the product; for perfume this is the bottle and the package. Through the application of beautiful and clever product design and packaging marketers can manipulate consumer perception of the perfume and its image (Sadeghi Tabrizi, 2011). Intangible (extrinsic) characteristics such as price, store image or brand image also serve to influence the consumer’s perception of quality (Quester, Pettigrew Hawkins, 2011). Setting higher prices for the perfume consistent with the product position and target market (Fionda Moore, 2009) and stocking the perfume in high-end department stores are strategies that can be employed to infer quality and influence consumer perceptions of status. Brand image and brand awareness Brand leveraging strategies can be employed to capitalise on the brand equity of a familiar luxury brand by giving the brand name to a new product (Quester, Pettigrew Hawkins, 2011). By introducing a new perfume using an established luxury fashion brand (either as a product or line extension) marketers can increase consumer recognition and acceptance of new products (Wu Lo, 2009) as well as making the most of the perceived intangible benefits associated with a positive brand image. A consumer’s positive perception of brand image of familiar luxury fashion brands has a significant effect on increasing purchase intentions of the products produced by those brands. The creation and usage of a strong brand image can be used by marketers to reduce uncertainty around product evaluation (or perceived purchase risk) whilst also increasing confidence in product quality (Sadeghi Tabrizi, 2011). Consumers view brand as an important part of a product which adds perceived value to the product (Wu Lo, 2009; Sadeghi Tabrizi, 2011). Launching a perfume under an existing familiar brand with a positive brand image can generate competitive advantage by increasing consumer’s interest and attention and resulting positive evaluation of a product (Fionda Moore, 2009). Further, consumers are likely to give greater attention to a familiar brand and to engage more effort in processing information about a product with a familiar brand name (Sadeghi Tabrizi, 2011). Brand personality celebrity endorsement Brand personality is a key factor in brand identity and is highly influential in the consumer decision making process as it relates to the desire to satisfy needs of self-esteem and belonging (Rajagopal, 2006). Consumers are motivated to purchase products from brands that reflect their own personality or that portrays personalities to which they aspire (Sirgy, 1982; Guthrie Kim, 2009; Spry, Pappu Cornwell, 2011). Celebrity endorsement is considered an effective strategy by marketers as a highly visible means of brand personality creation ((Rajagopal, 2006; Spry, Pappu Cornwell, 2011). Endorsement by celebrities influences consumer behaviour through attracting increased attention, generating greater brand recall and recognition (Quester, Pettigrew Hawkins, 2011; Spry, Pappu Cornwell, 2011). Dean (1999, as cited in Spry, Pappu Cornwell, 2011) further posits that celebrity endorsement can also influence a consumer’s perceptions of product quality and distinctiveness. The effectiveness of using a celebrity to endorse a product will be enhanced if there is congruence between the celebrity’s image, the product (and brand) personality and the self-concept of the target market (Quester, Pettigrew Hawkins, 2011). Market research should be conducted to determine perceptions of chosen celebrities to ensure they are credible and have attributes that coincide with the target market’s needs and desires (Quester, Pettigrew Hawkins, 2011; Spry, Pappu Cornwell, 2011). For the luxury brand perfume market such attributes should be based on attractiveness and image. Learning operant conditioning Consumers learn about products through the knowledge and experience gained from purchase and consumption (Quester, Pettigrew Hawkins, 2011). By understanding how consumers learn about products marketers can include information to assist and influence the consumer decision-making process. Operant conditioning is highly effective marketing strategy used to influence consumer behaviour particularly in high involvement purchases such as perfume (Peter Nord, 1982; Quester, Pettigrew Hawkins, 2011). Operant conditioning can shape positive reinforcement for consumer purchase intention (Amor Guilbert, 2009). By trialling, using tester bottles and sample spray cards the product consumers are able to experience the perfume determine if they like the scent and if it smells good on their skin. Amor Guilbert (2009) suggest that consumers are more likely to respond to new perfume samples than established ones. Marketers can provide free samples during related purchases to encourage product trial (Amor Guilbert, 2009) which assists in capturing consumer attention and increasing product familiarity (Sadeghi Tabrizi, 2011). Placing samples in high-end fashion magazines will also assist with familiarity as well as perception of quality. Using free samples as promotional tools may also assist marketers in developing a positive attitude toward the sampled perfume product as well as toward to the brand (Amor Guilbert, 2009). External influences A consumer’s purchasing behaviour is also influenced by social factors. By identifying the roles in the buying process marketers can incorporate this information in the product design and advertising message decisions (Kotler et al 2007). For women’s perfume the same person might play several roles in the purchasing decision. The purchaser will often be the initiator of the purchase, the decider who ultimately makes the purchasing decision and the user or wearer of the perfume (Kotler et al). Products such as perfume that are complementary to self-image are occasionally purchased by consumers as gifts for themselves. Marketers can target the fulfilment of self-gifting motivations by interspersing perfumes with other products such as cosmetics so that sales-staff might promote combining purchases (Mick, Demoss Faber, 1992). Males may also be purchasers of women’s perfume as gifts. Identifying this group in the buying process will enable targeted marketing through the development of gift packs around peak gift periods such as Christmas, and Valentines Day. As shown in the above discussion through the use of extensive advertising campaigns marketers can influence consumer purchase intention through stimulating emotional need or desire for the new perfume product as well as creating attention and awareness. Identifying and establishing the product position and the roles in the buying process will enable marketers to design and direct advertising at the desired target segments. The use of an established luxury brand to launch the product can influence consumer’s perceptions of quality and status of the brand and by association the perfume. Whilst credible celebrities can be used in advertising campaigns to create or support brand personality influencing attention, increasing brand recognition and product recall as well as further addressing consumer’s desire for fulfilment of self-concept needs. Finally operant conditioning through the provision on free samples and testers will be used to shape consumer learning about the new product by positive reinforcement, as well as capturing consumer attention and further increasing brand awareness. By understanding the relevant influences of consumer behaviour to the new product marketers can incorporate this theory in order to manipulate the buying intentions and purchase behaviours of consumers and create a successful marketing campaign.

Existentialism Essay -- essays research papers

Existentialism, which spread rapidly over continental Europe after the First World War, is essentially the analysis of the condition of man, of the particular state of being free, and of man's having constantly to use his freedom in order top answer the ever- changing and unexpected challenges of the day. According to the Existentialists, the starting point of every philosophical investigation is concrete human existence. That means that human personality in itself should point the way to the absolute value of reality. A single definition of existentialism is impossible. Definitions, provided by dictionaries are only part of what existentialism is about. †¦central to each definition is the assertion that existentialism is a theory or statement about the nature of man's existence. (1) The term is so difficult to define because, unlike other terms, existentialism is not universal. In other words, there are no two existentialists, which share exactly the same values or beliefs. Al though, here is one major theme: a stress on individual existence, subjectivity, individual freedom, and choice. There are two kinds of existentialist; first those who are Christian, and on the other hand the atheistic existentialists. Many unfamiliar with the subject people associate existentialism with atheism, but they are wrong. The truth is that the majority of existentialists are not atheists. Sartre, which we place among atheists, stress that central concern of philosophy is human existence. He says that human being is a special kind of consciousness (being-for- itself). Everything else is matter (being-in-itself). He believes that human being has no God-given essence and is absolutely free and absolutely responsible. According to him, anguish is the result of the absolute freedom and responsibility. He also says that human existence is absurd and unjustified. Therefore, the goal of human being is to justify his/her existence.(2) Sartre believes that there are those in our history who have established a religion to reassure nothing more than what he calls a "fundamental project ." That means that when we become anguished by the affairs of life we pursue a fundamental project in attempt to flee this anguish. He says that we try to make ourselves Gods in hopes that others would see us divine, and hold us in higher regard. To pursue a fundame... ...ice and this choice was his and his alone. This shows us again that we always have choices, no matter what we might use as an excuse. 1) Barnes, Wesley. "Is Existentialism Definable?" The Philosophy and Literature of Existentialism. Woodbury: Barron's Educational Series, Inc., 1968 2) Douglas W. Shrader, Ashok K. Malhotra. "Pathways To Philosophy". Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 1996. p. 83-86, 87-93, 97-100 3) Sartre'sThoughtsOnPersonality,http://library.thinkquest.org/18775/sartre/pers.htm 4) As above 5) Roberts, David E. "Introduction" Existentialism and Religious belief" New York: Oxford University Press, 1959. 6) Robert C. Solomon. "The Big Qestions" Harcourt Brace College Publishers, New York, 1998, p.241-273. 7) Soren Kierkergaard,ysiwyg://16/http://www.fortunecity.com/263/exist/kierk.html 8) Existentialism And Soren Kierkergaard, http:www.tameri.com/csw/exist/kierk.html.

Microeconomic Tasks Essay

A) 1. When determining how much of a profit a company will make, one has to look at a few deciding factors. Two of those are total revenue and total cost. Total revenue is the sum of a company’s sales of a particular product. Total cost is how much a company pays for production which includes fixed and variable costs. After total cost is deducted from the total revenue, the money left over is a profit. The goal of most is to maximize profits the best way possible. Total revenue and cost are very important when it comes to profit maximization because they are the guidelines of production. Total revenue is found by multiplying the price of the unit by the quantity produced and when compared to the total cost of each unit produced, a company can find out how many units to produce that would better maximize profits. Profit maximization is found by looking at the difference between the total revenue and total cost and determining which has the greatest profit. 2. Profit maximization can also be determined by looking at the marginal revenue to marginal cost approach. Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue resulting from the sale of an additional unit of product. Marginal cost is the cost of producing that one extra unit. To find if profits are maximized, marginal cost is subtracted from marginal revenue. Profit maximization occurs when marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost. This approach is only used if deemed profitable, if not, it is best to not produce extra. B) Marginal revenue (MR) is determined by the change (∆) in total revenue (TR) from selling one more unit (Q) of output. So MR=∆TR/∆Q 1. When calculating marginal revenue from the given scenario, one can see that is has decreased. As production increases, total revenue does increase but marginal revenue slowly but consistently decreases by $10 a unit each time. Since this is based off of a monopolistically competitive market, fluctuation of market revenue is expected. C) Marginal cost (MC) is determined by the change (∆) in total cost (TC) resulting from producing one more unit (Q) of output. So MC=∆TC/∆Q 1. After calculating the marginal cost, the summary is that when the quantity of production increases, total cost increases as well resulting in an increase of marginal cost. D) Profit maximization occurs for Company A at seven units of production. This was found using the total revenue to total cost method and then further evaluated using the marginal revenue to marginal cost approach. Originally, quantities seven and eight were shown to have the same outcome for TR-TC but the MR-MC approach proved that only seven units would provide a profit. The chart below explains. E) If marginal revenue is shown to be greater than marginal cost, output should continue to increase. F) If marginal cost is shown to be greater than marginal revenue, production output should be lowered until MR=MC or profit maximization is at its greatest; in this case 7 units of production.

Discourse Analysis on Winston Churchill and Tony Blair

Section 1 1. 1 In this essay, I will be conducting a discourse analysis on a speech made by Winston Churchill in the 1940s, when he informed the British public that they will be entering war. I will use sociological research which examines the discourse of politics to supply context for this speech. My research topic is to discover in this essay is how Prime Ministers use persuasive techniques to win the support of the people.To achieve this, I will be comparing Churchill’s speech to Tony Blair’s speech in 2003 when he declared war on Iraq, to see what changes and similarities of discourses there are, regarding persuading and gaining the support of the people. 1. 2 The consideration of the audience and their specific thoughts and feelings is certainly an essential theme when making a speech. Politicians use the spoken word to rule, inform, strengthen and communicate with the public in order to implement their own, or their party’s politics.As van Dijk puts it, â €Å"social power abuse, dominance, and inequality are enacted, reproduced, and resisted by text and talk in the social and political context (2001: 352). † If we are the people who vote to put these politicians in power, we ought to become more aware of the strategies and tactics behind their speeches. This will give us more opportunity of making a fair judgement of the real meaning of the message, rather than the persuasive and deceiving language that often clouds our judgement.I will be using critical discourse analysis and rhetorical political analysis as it is an approach that is suitable for written texts and helpful for discovering institutional meanings that lay hidden within rhetorical strategies. This method will facilitate me in finding the ideological dimension of discourse within the speeches I am analyzing (Cameron 2001:123). 1. 3Using critical discourse analysis I will analyse how the language used in political speeches functions as a type of social practice tha t â€Å"constructs the objects of which it purports to speak (Cameron 2001:123)†.We can apply critical discourse analysis to expose the ways discourse is interwoven with society and culture, Wodak notes â€Å"society and culture are shaped by discourse, and at the same time constitute discourse (Wodak 2000:146)†. The use of language can reproduce or transform society and culture and it can also be ideological. A way to discover its ideological qualities is by exploring their â€Å"interpretation, reception and social effects (Wodak 2000:146)†. By xamining speeches made by Winston Churchill and Tony Blair, I will seek to find the ideological messages that lie beneath their rhetoric language and uncover in what way their statements have persuaded the British public and if their discourses have gained the public’s support. 1. 4We now turn to the second indentified approach outlined in the introduction, rhetorical political analysis. It particularly focuses o n the character and nature of rhetoric and its position in political analysis. Rhetorical style is concerned with the arrangement of the narrative.Johannesson (2000:65) refers to numerous ways of forming a classical rhetoric speech; both Churchill and Blair use ‘disposito’, giving their argument structure; and ‘narratio’, giving the listener essential background information. Historically, rhetorical has been used since the ancient Greek and Roman times and the Great philosopher Aristotle wrote a rhetoric textbook where he established the goals of this discipline. The old laws of the rhetoric lived on in the modern world mostly in politics, and the battles of the Second World War were not just fought on land, but also on the air by great orators such as Hitler and Churchill.Both Churchill and Blair use many of the classic rhetorical structures when delivering their speeches which I will examine further in the next section. Section 2 2. 1 On the 13th May 1940 was Churchill’s first radio broadcast as Prime Minister with the direct audience being the British public. This was a live broadcast, with the objective to inform the nation of the upcoming attack on Britain by the Germans. It becomes apparent that Churchill’s key intention here is to persuade the nation in becoming actively involved in the war.His reasons of calling upon the nation as a whole were because all men were needed to fight, not just those who were in the army. Churchill was possibly attempting to involve every individual in the war, as his speech shows, â€Å"There will be many men and women on this island who when the ordeal comes upon them, as come it will, will feel comfort and even pride that they are sharing the perils of the lads at the front. † (13. 05. 40. ) He convinces the country to remain optimistic by saying â€Å"We may look with confidence to the stabilization of the front in France. † (13. 05. 40).On the 4th June 1940, Churchi ll spoke to the House of Commons; who were his target audience, however there was also the wider audience of the nation. Conscious that the speech would be made public, Churchill did not exclusively turn to the audience – members of the House of Commons but rather he was addressing the outside audience with a clear goal to diminish the will of resistance among the British and conveying out a message to the USA to join the war with Britain. The speech made by Tony Blair to the House of Commons on 18th March 2003, was most likely one of the most important speeches of his years as the Prime Minister.This was a speech with the sole intention to persuade his audience – Parliament – to vote for Britain to participate in the war in Iraq. Blair would not have been able to declare war without having the support of the Parliament, therefore it was crucial to gain their vote. The main audience of Blair’s speech in 2003 were the British public. During this live broad cast, Blair told the nation that military action had already begun in Iraq. He attempted to convince the British public that he had made the right decision in sending troops to fight, thus trying to justify his actions.Although the people of Britain were the direct audience, it is possible that Blair was reaching to a wider world wide audience. In his speech Blair addresses the people of Iraq directly saying â€Å"I hope the Iraqi people hear this message, our enemy is not you, but your barbarous rulers. † (20. 03. 03) Even though Churchill and Blair’s speeches are slightly different concerning their goals, both use similar methods in order to persuade the British public. In the following sections I will analyse and consider the persuasive techniques I feel are of most significance.They include the use of personal pronouns, rhetorical style, repetition and parallelism with a brief discussion of the delivery of speech. 2. 2 Personal pronouns are very much linked with po wer and solidarity, therefore the choice of pronoun that each Prime Minister uses replicates this. When talking to the nation and the House of Commons both Churchill and Blair use the first person pronoun ‘I’ on numerous times. ‘I’ tends to be used by both leaders much more often when addressing the House of Commons. The other first person pronouns which were used were ‘Me’ and ‘My. ‘My’ was used when each leader was putting across their personal beliefs and opinions, such as Blair’s hatred for Saddam, â€Å"My detestation of Saddam. † (Blair 18th March 2003) ‘Me’ has similar functions to ‘I’ as it symbolises the speaker and demonstrates that he is committing himself to his pledge. Wales (1996:66) said it is usually used to refer to the speaker and third parties who may not be present in the current situation. The use of ‘we’ can be exploited to contribute the responsibilit y. The general use of ‘we’ refers to the speaker and the listener.Through the use of inclusive ‘we’ we can see how the leader’s assume to speak on the audience’s behalf, for example â€Å"We must not allow ourselves to be intimidated by the presence of these armoured vehicles†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Churchill 13th May 1940) Churchill uses ‘we’ inclusively numerous times to refer to himself and the people of Britain as one which in turn encourage solidarity. It is used most often by both leaders with the aim to persuade the audience to work as a team, by saying collective statements, for example â€Å"we will† â€Å"we shall† and so forth.Both Churchill and Blair tend to use ‘we’ with the double implication that they are not only speaking on behalf of their party but also on behalf of their audience. 2. 3 Churchill uses methods of persuasion through reasoning; here he aims to calm the British, arguing their brief safety using rational reasoning: â€Å"We must never forget the solid assurances of sea power and those which belong to air power if it can be locally exercised. † (Churchill, paragraph 22) Its noted by Atkinson (1984:37) from his analysis of speeches that one of the most frequent means of extracting agreement is what he calls a â€Å"list of three. In political speeches lists of three are usually easy to remember â€Å"Of our country, of our Empire, of our Allies. † (Churchill’s address to the nation 13th May 1940) Throughout his speeches Churchill has a tendency to use three part lists, as it makes the speech more memorable and therefore more likely to persuade the audience. In Blair’s speech to the House of Commons, he uses a two-part list, â€Å"No to any ultimatum; no to any resolution. † (18th March 2003) In a way we can see how these lists function in the similar way to parallelism, as they serve to emphasise the point being made.Three par t lists are memorable for both the speaker and the listener as they are rooted in some cultures as encouraging a sense of solidarity and totality. The final category of persuasion is persuasion through the art of reasoning. Blair uses this method much more than Churchill. During his speech, Blair discusses a series of events to the House of Commons notifying them of Saddam Hussain’s actions. We can see how Blair felt it imperative to include factual information, as this was the only way to justify his actions for urging Britain to go to war. 2. Churchill and Blair both perform the characteristics of a strong, virtuous leader. Churchill – who led the last free European nation against Hitler, dares to confront the apparently relentless Nazi attack on Europe – in so doing so, Churchill offered hope of freedom to the British people. Churchill’s choice of words and tone were very dramatic, and he used emotionally charged words to get to the heart of the people . Churchill’s soundbite holds identical features as the Blair equivalents to his manifesto, â€Å"Tough on crime and tough on the causes of crime. † (4. 07. 1993).Both leader’s use the Aristotelian three main ‘means of persuasion’ through the arousal of emotion, the persuasion through reasoning and persuasion through personality and stance. Rhythm is one of the key features when analysing at the speeches, as this is what makes them flowing and thus effective. The use of lists of three memorable words and repetition of the main issues adds to the rhythm of the speech. Churchill generally uses the list of three and repetition more than Blair, therefore his speeches are more rhythmic. A very important and smart method used by both Churchill and Blair is the use of repetition and parallelism.Both Churchill and Blair used this device in order to gain their audiences support. One of the main reasons why Churchill’s speech to the House of Commons is convincing is because of his use of structural parallelism at the end of his speech, â€Å"We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, We shall fight on the seas and oceans, We shall fight with growing confidence in the air, We shall fight on the beaches, We shall fight on the landing grounds†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Churchill 4th June 1940) In contrast, Blair’s does not use the structural parallelism in his speech to the House of Commons to the extent Churchill does.However Blair does use repetition to implement his point is, for example: â€Å"It is dangerous if such regimes disbelieve us, Dangerous if they think they can use our weakness, our hesitation even the natural urges of our democracy towards peace against us, Dangerous because one day†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (18th March 2003) Blair also repeats the word ‘dangerous’ in order to reiterate his aim and convince his audience that if they do not agree to war, they will be facing a dangerous state of affairs.Section 3 3. 1 Comparing Churchill’s and Blair’s speeches I have shown that there are many resemblances in the way they deliver speeches such as, explaining in honesty, the seriousness of the threat and how they both describe the enemy as evil, but also in putting their causes in a global context and in terms of using rhetorical devices, they both use repetition, soundbites, contrastive pairs and the â€Å"list of three†. The â€Å"list of three† is a perfect device when declaring war.The inclusiveness and stress of national solidarity and unity is what a leader needs to communicate and restore faith with the people. The major difference between the two leaders is that Blair uses the inclusive approach towards the world and possible allies, whereas Churchill speaks more exclusively for Britain solely. This also shows the difference in the times the speeches were made, as when Churchill made his speech it would have only reached the British public.In comparison, Blair’s speech was televised globally, therefore he must address the audience more inclusively to make it relevant for the listeners. Although Blair’s speech could be said to build on the works of Churchill such as using the same rhetorical devices, being a well composed oratory and being expertly performed, ultimately, it is always the circumstances under which a speech is delivered that will give the speaker and the speech their rightfully earned respect. 3. To conclude, critical discourse analysis is a suitable method to analyse political speeches as it sees language as social practices, and as productive of knowledge which maintains power. It is particularly concerned with language used in political speeches and the media so it is not just context specific, but audience-specific. However, a disadvantage is although it had implications for individual language use, there are words and phrases they use which may not be applicable in 30 years time, as language is forev er evolving.The limits of discourse analysis is that it does not give us a representation of the persons proposed psychological state, it instead focuses on power in a social context and how this is made through language, how it is challenged and recycled. I believe the use of language analysis related to social concepts could be more expanded by having studies made into how social situations themselves cause the discourse we use, also investigating how new meanings are given to words and what social implications they have in society. Bibliography: Books:Atkinson, J (1985) Structures of Social Action: Cambridge University Press Cameron, Deborah Working with spoken discourse: Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research. London: Routledge. Gee, J. P. (2005). An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method. London: Routledge Seale, Clive (2004) Researching society and culture: Sage Publications Ltd; Second Edition Wodak, Ruth (2000) Methods of Text and Discourse Analysis: London, Sage Publications Wood, Linda A. (2000) Doing Discourse Analysis: Sage Publications Articles and Websites:Egbert. J Baker: ‘Grammar As Interpretation: Greek Literature in Its Linguistic Contexts’ (1997) http://books. google. co. uk/books? id=L8VmSJeZCw0C&pg=PA175&lpg=PA175&dq=we+shall+fight+on+the+beaches+discourse+analysis&source=bl&ots=Kpm7QW94Mk&sig=1i_rPybz_RMBd1l_WB0nkeXWsso&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IOzqUKKeLoqU0QXYkoGQAw&ved=0CGwQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=we%20shall%20fight%20on%20the%20beaches%20discourse%20analysis&f=false (online book) Fairclough & Wodak: Critical discourse analysis  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Linguistics and English Language (1997) www. ing. lancs. ac. uk/staff/norman/critdiscanalysis. doc (online word document) Guardian: Full text: Tony Blair's speech (2003) http://www. guardian. co. uk/politics/2003/mar/18/foreignpolicy. iraq1 (website article) Language in use: Sir Winston Churchill â€Å"We shall fight them on the beaches†